Research Synopsis
Publications

 

Research Synopsis
 

Research in my group arises from my interest in polyelectrolytes, long-chain molecules in which every repeat unit carries a charge. Their unique properties reflect a combination of those of  polymer solutions and salts. We focus on their interaction with oppositely charged nanoparticles such as dendrimers, surfactant micelles and proteins, with the objective of fundamental understanding of solution behavior. To do this we measure properties that can be quantitatively understood through basic physical relationships. Our work combines the disciplines of analytical, biological and physical chemistry.  

Our experimental tools vary from very simple ones (turbidimetry), to more complex methods (light scattering, capillary electrophoresis, rheology, and various microscopies). To ensure reproducible results, we focus on equilibrium systems. One of our interests is the unique dense, viscous liquid phase “coacervates” that form spontaneously from polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged micelles or proteins. Polyelectrolyte-enzyme coacervates function as microreactors because the protein retains its native state and diffuses freely in the dense fluid coacervate droplets. The surprising combination of high viscosity and fast diffusion arises from mesophase separation at the 300 nm length scale in these fluids. Polyelectrolyte-micelle coacervates also display unusual properties, phase separating by either heating or stress, a phenomenon known as “shear-banding”.  

Biologically significant protein binding occurs with a group of polyelectrolytes known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These mammalian polysaccharides are the most highly charged macromolecules in animals. Although they play a role in the action of many signaling proteins responsible for tissue regeneration, angiogenesis and cell differentiation, structure-property relations for GAGs are unknown. Unlike proteins and nucleic acids, they are never homogeneous and therefore never “pure”, so their characterization presents a huge challenge to classical biochemistry. We approach this problem with the model GAG-protein system of heparin-antithrombin, applying electrophoretic methods coupled with mass spectrometry and protein modeling.

Publications

2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, and earlier

 

2006

  1. Kayitmazer, A.B.; Bohidar, H.B.; Mattison, K.W.; Wang, Y.F.; Bose, A.; Russo, P.S.; Dubin, P.L.; “Mesophase Separation and Probe Dynamics in Protein-Polyelectrolyte Coacervates”; to be submitted. (PDF)
  2. E. Seyrek, J. Henriksen and P.L Dubin, "Nonspecific Electrostatic Binding Characteristics of the Heparin-Antihrombin Interaction", to be submitted. (PDF)
  3. A. Kumar, P.L. Dubin, M.J. Hernon and W. Jaeger, "Temperature-dependent Phase Behavior of Polyelectrolyte-Mixed Micelle Systems", to be submitted. (PDF)
  4. P. Mahji, R. R. Ganta, R. P. Vanam, E. Seyrek, K. Giger and P.L. Dubin , "Electrostatically Driven Protein Aggregation: b-Lactoglobulin at Low Ionic Strength", (accepted. Langmuir). (PDF)
  5. Y. Mishael, P.L. Dubin, R. deVries and A. B. Kayitmazer, "Effect of Pore Size on Polyelectrolyte Adsorption for CPG Glass", submitted to Langmuir. (PDF)
  6. X. Guo, G.F. Kirton and P.L. Dubin, "Carboxylated ficolls: Synthesis, characterization, and electrophoretic behavior of model charged nanospheres", J. Phys. Chem., accepted for publication. (PDF)
  7. C.L. Cooper, A. Goulding, A.B. Kayitmazer, S. Stoll, S. Turksen, S. Ulrich, S.-I. Yusa, A. Kumar and P.L. Dubin, "Effects of Polyelectrolyte Chain Stiffness, Charge Mobility and Charge Sequences on Binding to Proteins and Micelles", Biomacromolecules 7(4), 1025-1035 (2006). (PDF)

2005

  1. Y. Mishael, P.L. Dubin, "Uptake of Organic Pollutants by Silica-Polycation Immobilized Micelles", Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 8475-8480 (2005). (PDF)
  2. A. B. Kayitmazer, D. Shaw, P.L. Dubin, "The Role of Polyelectrolyte Persistence Length in the Binding of Oppositely Charged Micelles, Dendrimers and Proteins to Chitosan and Poly(dimethyldiallyammonium chloride)"; Macromolecules 38, 5198-5024 (2005). (PDF)
  3. T. Hattori, H.B. Bohidar, P.L. Dubin, "Characterization of Polyanion-protein Complexes by FACCE and SANS: Effect of Polyanion Flexibility", Analyt. Biochem. 342, 229-236 (2005). (PDF)
  4. H. B. Bohidar , P. Mahji, C. Tribet and W. Jaeger, P.L. Dubin, "Effects of polyelectrolyte molecular weight on dynamic properties of protein-polyelectrolyte coacervates", Biomacromolecules 6, 1573-1585 (2005). (PDF)
  5. Q. R. Huang, J. Lal, C. N. Moorefield, and G. R. Newkome, P.L. Dubin, "Small Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Charged Carboxyl-Terminated Dendrimers in Solutions”, Langmuir 21, 2737-2747. (2005). (PDF)
  6. Y. Mishael, P.L. Dubin, "Toluene Solubilization Induces Different Modes of Mixed Micelle Growth", Langmuir, 21, 9803-9808(2005)(PDF)
  7. C. Cooper, A.B. Kayitmazer, S. Turksen and P.L. Dubin, "Protein-polyelectrolyte complexes", Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 10, 52-78 (2005). (PDF)

2004

  1. E. Seyrek, T. Hattori, P.L. Dubin, "Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis for Protein-Polyelectrolyte Binding Studies", Methods in Molecular Biology: Capillary Electrophoresis of Proteins and Peptides, M.A. Strege and A.L. Lagu, eds., Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ, (2004), pp. 217-228 (ch. 11). (PDF)
  2.  E. Seyrek, G.R. Newkome, P.L. Dubin, "The Effect of Electric Field on the Mobility of Carboxyl-Terminated Dendrimers", J. Phys. Chem. B. 108, 10168-10171 (2004). (PDF)
  3. P.R. Majhi, X. Feng, X. Guo, F.A. M. Leermakers, C. Tribet, P.L. Dubin, "Coexistence of Spheres and Rods in Micellar Solution of Dodecyldimethylamine Oxide", J. Phys. Chem. B. 108, 5980-5988 (2004). (PDF)

2003

  1. X. Guo, M. Condra, K. Kimura, H. Dautzenberg and H. Berth, P.L. Dubin. "Determination of Molecular Weight of Heparin by Universal Calibration"; Analyt. Biochem. 312, 33-39 (2003). (PDF)
  2. Laguecir, A., Stoll, S., Kirton, G., Dubin, P. L., "Interactions of a Polyanion with a Cationic Micelle: Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulations with Experiment", J. Phys. Chem. B. 107(32); 8056-8065 (2003)(PDF)
  3. A. B. Kayitmazer, E. Seyrek, P.L. Dubin, B. Staggemeier, "Influence of Chain Stiffness on the Interaction of Oppositely Charged Micelles and Proteins", J. Phys. Chem. B 107(32), 8158-8165 (2003). (PDF)
  4. E. Seyrek, P.L. Dubin, C. Tribet and E.A. Gamble, "Ionic Strength Dependence of Protein-Polyelectrolyte Interactions", Biomacromolecules, 4(2), 273-282 (2003). (PDF)

2002

  1. X. Feng, Paul Dubin. "Measurement of Equilibrium Binding of Cationic Micelles to a Polyanion by Membrane Filtration", Langmuir 18, 2032-2035 (2002). (PDF)
  2. B. Zhang, G.F. Kirton, and Paul Dubin. "Compositional Heterogeneity in Nonionic/Anionic Mixed Micelles Observed by Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis", Langmuir 18, 4605-4609 (2002). (PDF)
  3. A. Hashidzume, K. Yoshida, Y. Morishima, and Paul Dubin. "Static and Dynamic Fluorescence Quenching Studies of the Binding of Anionic Micelles to Polycation", J. Phys. Chem. B 106 2007-2013 (2002). (PDF)

2001

  1. Paul Dubin, T. Hattori, K. Kimura and E. Seyrek. "The Use of Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis to Compare Protein Binding by Natural and Synthetic Polyelectrolytes", Analytical Sciences (Japan) 17, 93-95 (2001). (PDF)
  2. X.H. Feng, P.L. Dubin, H.W. Zhang, G.F. Kirton, P. Bahadur and J. Parotte. "Critical Conditions for Binding of Dimethyldodecylamine Oxide Micelles to Polyanions of Variable Charge Density", Macromolecules 34, 6373-6379 (2001). (PDF)
  3. B. Zhang, T. Hattori and Paul Dubin. "Observation of Compositional Heterogeneity in Poly(styrenesulfonate) Using Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis", Macromolecules, 34, 6790-6794 (2001). (PDF)
  4. Paul Dubin, Iwasawa, Y.; Oyama, N.; Kuneida, H., Eds., "Microscopic and Macroscopic Phase Transitions in Polyelectrolyte-Micelle Systems", Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol. 132, 979-984, Elsevier (2001). (PDF)
  5. Paul Dubin, T. Hattori, K. Kimura and E. Seyrek. "Binding of Bovine Serum Albumin to Heparin Determined by Turbidimetric Titration and Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis", Analytical Biochemistry, 295, 158-167 (2001). (PDF)
  6. Y. Wang, J. Banziger, Paul Dubin, G. Filipelli and N. Nuraje, "Adsorptive Partitioning of an Organic Compound onto Polyelectrolyte-Immobilized Micelles on Porous Glass and Sand", Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 2608-2611 (2001). (PDF)
  7. K. Grymonpré, B. Staggemeir, Paul Dubin and K.W. Mattison. "Identification by Integrated Computer Modeling and Light Scattering Studies of an Electrostatic Serum Albumin-Hyaluronic Acid Binding Site", Biomacromolecules 2, 422-429 (2001). (PDF)
  8. Paul Dubin, M.Müller, T. Rieser, and K. Lunkwitz. "Selective interaction between proteins and the outermost surface of polyelectrolyte multilayers: influence of the polyanion type, pH and salt", Macromol. Rapid Commun., 22 (6), 390-395 (2001). (PDF)
  9. Paul Dubin, Y. Zhu, M. Potschka and C.-H. Cai. “A Method for the Quantitation of Charge by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Demonstrated with Components of Ficoll 400”, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 202, 61-72 (2001). (PDF)
  10. Y. Wang, Paul Dubin and H. Zhang. “Interaction of DNA with Cationic Micelles: Effects of Micelle Surface Charge Density, Micelle Shape and Ionic Strength on Complexation and DNA Collapse”, Langmuir 17, 1670-1673 (2001). (PDF)

2000

  1. T. Hattori, R. Hallberg and Paul Dubin. “The Roles of Electrostatic Interaction and Polymer Structure in the Binding of b-Lactoglobulin to Anionic Polyelectrolytes: Measurement of Binding Constants by FACCE”, Langmuir 16, 9738-9743 (2000). (PDF)
  2. H. Zhang ,K. Ohbu and Paul Dubin. “Binding of Carboxy-terminated Anionic/Nonionic Mixed Micelles to a Strong Polycation: Critical Conditions for Complex Formation”, Langmuir 16, 9082-9086 (2000). (PDF)
  3. K. Kaibara, T. Okazaki, H.B. Bohidar and Paul Dubin. “pH-Induced Coacervation of Bovine Serum Albumin and Cationic Polyelectrolytes”, Biomacromolecules  1, 100-107 (2000). (PDF)
  4. Y. Wang, K. Kimura, Paul Dubin and W. Jaeger. “Polyelectrolyte-Micelle Coacervation: Effects of Micellar Surface Charge Density, Polymer Molecular Weight and Polymer/Surfactant Ratio”, Macromolecules 33, 3324-333(2000). (PDF)
  5. B. Staggemeier, Q.R Huang, Paul Dubin, Y. Morishima, and T. Sato. “Determination of Compositional Distribution of Copolymers by Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis", Anal. Chem. 72, 255-8 (2000). (PDF)
  6. Q.R. Huang, Paul Dubin, C.N. Moorefield and G.R. Newkome. “Counterion Binding on Charged Spheres: Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on the Mobility of Carboxyl-terminated Dendrimers”, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 898-904 (2000)(PDF)

1999

  1. Y. Wang, K. Kimura, Q.R. Huang, Paul Dubin and W. Jaeger. “Effects of Salt on Polyelectrolyte-Micelle Coacervation”, Macromolecules 32, 7128-7134 (1999). (PDF)
  2. N. Miura, Paul Dubin, C.M. Moorefield, and G. Newkome. "Complex Formation by Electrostatic Interaction between Carboxyl-terminated Dendrimer and Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolyte", Langmuir 15, 4245-4251 (1999). (PDF)
  3. Paul Dubin, K.L. Mattison, Y. Wang, and K. Grymonpré. "Micro- and Macro-phase Behavior in Protein-Polyelectrolyte Systems", Makromol. Symp. 140, 53-76 (1999). (PDF)
  4. Paul Dubin, J. Xia, B. Muhoberac*, E. Kokufuta, and H. Havel. “Light scattering, circular dichroism and Ligand Binding Studies of Hemoglobin-Polyelectrolyte Complexes”, Biopolymers 50, 153 (1999). (PDF)
  5. Paul Dubin, Y. Wang. “Polycation-modified Siliceous Surface for Protein Separation, in Interfacial Phenomena in Chromatography”, Pefferkorn, E., Ed., M. Dekker, 1999, pp. 311-327. (PDF)
  6. Y. Wang, Paul Dubin. “Capillary Modification by Noncovalent Polycation Adsorption: Effects of Polymer Molecular Weight and Adsorption Ionic Strength”, Anal. Chem. 71, 3463-8 (1999). (PDF)
  7. Paul Dubin, Jeff Gao. “Binding of Proteins to Copolymers of Varying Hydrophobicity”, Biopolymers 49, 185-193 (1999). (PDF)
  8. H. Zhang, Paul Dubin, J. Ray, G.S. Manning, G.R. Newkome and C.S. Moorefield. “Interaction of a Polycation with Small Oppositely Charged Dendrimers”, J. Phys. Chem. 103, 2347-2354 (1999). (PDF)
  9. S. Azegami, A. Tsuboi, T. Izumi, M. Hirata, P.L. Dubin, B. Wang, and E. Kokufuta*. “Formation of an Intrapolymer Complex from Human Serum Albumin and Poly(ethylene glycol)”, Langmuir 15, 940-947 (1999). (PDF)
  10. Paul Dubin, K. Yoshida. “Complex Formation between Polyacrylic Acid and Cationic/Nonionic Mixed Micelles: Effect of pH on Electrostatic Interaction and Hydrogen Bonding”, Colloids and Surfaces 147, 161-8 (1999). (PDF)
  11. Paul Dubin, M. Mizusaki, Y. Morishima*, K. Yoshida. “Interactions of Micelles with Fluorescence-Labeled Polyelectrolytes”, Colloids and Surfaces 147, 149-159 (1999). (PDF)

1998

  1. R. Hallberg, Paul Dubin. “Effect of pH on the Binding of b-lactoglobulin to Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate”, J. Phys. Chem. 102, 8629-8633 (1998). (PDF)
  2. Paul Dubin, Y. Wang. “Protein Binding on Polyelectrolyte-treated Glass: Effect of Structure of Adsorbed Polyelectrolyte”, J. Chromatogr., 808, 61-70 (1998). (PDF)
  3. T. Sato, K.W. Mattison, Paul Dubin, M. Kamachi and Y. Morishima. “Effect of Protein Aggregation on the Binding of Lysozyme to Pyrene-labeled Polyanions”, Langmuir 14, 5430-5437 (1998). (PDF)
  4. J.Y. Gao, Paul Dubin and B.B. Muhoberac. “Capillary Electrophoresis and Dynamic Light Scattering Studies of Structure and Binding Characteristics of Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complexes”, J. Phys. Chem. 102, 5529-5535 (1998). (PDF)
  5. M. Mizusaki, Y. Morishima and Paul Dubin. “Interaction of Pyrene-labeled Hydrophobically-modified Polyelectrolytes with Oppositely Charged Mixed Micelles Studied by Fluorescence Quenching”, J. Phys. Chem. 102, 1908-1915 (1998). (PDF)
  6. Paul Dubin, K. Yoshida, and S. Sokhakian. “Binding of Polycarboxylic Acids to Cationic Mixed Micelles: Effects of Polymer Counterion Binding and Polyion Charge Distribution”, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 205, 257-264 (1998). (PDF)
  7. Paul Dubin, Y. Wang. “Observation of Ficoll Charge Using Size Exclusion Chromatography”, J. Chromatogr. 800, 181-5 (1998). (PDF)
  8. K.W. Mattison, Paul Dubin and I.J. Brittain. “Complex Formation between Bovine Serum Albumin and Strong Polyelectrolytes: Effect of Polymer Charge Density”, J. Phys. Chem. 102, 3830-3836 (1998). (PDF)
  9. H. Dai, Paul Dubin and T. Andersson. “Permeation of Small Molecules in Aqueous Size-Exclusion Chromatography vis-a-vis Models for Separation”, Analytical Chemistry 70, 1576-1580 (1998). (PDF)

1997

  1. M. Mizusaki, Y. Morishima ,K. Yoshida and Paul Dubin. “Fluorescence Quenching Studies of the Interaction of a Pyrene-labeled Polyelectrolyte with Quencher-Carrying Oppositely Charged Micelles”, Langmuir 13, 6941-6 (1997). (PDF)
  2. K. Yoshida, Y.Morishima, Paul Dubin, and M. Mizusaki. “Binding of Cationic Mixed Micelles to Pyrene-labeled Poly(acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate)”, Macromolecules 30, 6208-6214 (1997). (PDF)
  3. Ying-ping Wen, Paul Dubin. “Potentiometric Studies of the Interaction of Bovine Serum Albumin with Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)”, Macromolecules 30, 7856-7861(1997). (PDF)
  4. H. Zhang, Paul Dubin, J.I. Kaplan, C.N. Moorefield and G.R. Newkome. “Dissociation of Carboxyl-terminated Cascade Polymers: Comparison with Theory", J. Phys. Chem. 101, 3494-3497 (1997). (PDF)
  5. J. Gao, Paul Dubin. “Measurement of the Binding of Proteins to Polyelectrolytes by Frontal Analysis Continuous Capillary Electrophoresis”, Anal. Chem. 69, 2945-2951 (1997). (PDF)
  6. Paul Dubin, J. Gao, T. Sato and Y. Morishima. “Separation of Polyelectrolytes of Variable Compositions by Free-zone Capillary Electroporesis”, J. Chromatogr. 766, 233-236 (1997). (PDF)
  7. Paul Dubin, H. Zhang. “Analysis of Polydispersity of Mixed Micelles of TX-100/SDS and C12E8/SDS by Capillary Electrophoresis”, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 186, 264-270 (1997). (PDF)
  8. Paul Dubin, J. Xia, K. Mattison, V. Romano and B.B. Muhoberac. “Complexation of Trypsin and Alcohol Dehydrogenase with Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)”, Biopolymers 41, 359-365 (1997). (PDF)
  9. Paul Dubin, M. Swanson, M. Almgren and Y. Li. “Cryo-TEM of Polyelectrolyte-Micelle Complexes”, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 186, 414-419 (1997). (PDF)

1996

  1. Paul Dubin, H. Zhang, Y. Li and T. Kato. “The Effect of EO Chain Length of Dodecanol Ethoxylates (C12En) on the Complexation of C12En/SDS Mixed Micelles with Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes”, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 183, 546-551 (1996). (PDF)
  2. A. Tsuboi, T. Izumi, M. Hirata, J. Xia, Paul Dubin and E. Kokufuta. “Complexation of Proteins with a Strong Polyanion in an Aqueous Salt-free System”, Langmuir 12, 6295-6303 (1996). (PDF)
  3. G. Shah, Paul Dubin, G. Newkome, M. Moorefield and J. Kaplan. “Size-Exclusion Chromatography of Carboxyl-terminated Dendrimers as a Model for Permeation of Charged Particles into Like-Charged Cavities”, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 183, 397-407 (1996). (PDF)
  4. D.R. Rigsbee, Paul Dubin. “Microcalorimetry of Polyelectrolyte-Micelle Interactions”, Langmuir 12, 1928-9 (1996). (PDF)
  5. Paul Dubin, H. Zhang, R. Spindler and D. Tomalia. “Binding of Carboxylated Starburst Dendrimers to Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)”, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 100, 923-928 (1996). (PDF)
  6. Y. Wang, J. Gao and Paul Dubin. “Protein Separation via Polyelectrolyte Coacervation: Selectivity and Efficiency”, Biotechnol. Progr. 12, 356-62 (1996). (PDF)
  7. Paul Dubin, Y. Li, K.W. Mattison, H.A. Havel and S.L. Edwards. “Light Scattering Studies of the Binding of Bovine Serum Albumin to a Cationic Polyelectrolyte”, Biopolymers 38, 527-533 (1996). (PDF)
  8. Paul Dubin, V.A. Romano and T. Ebeyer. “Influence of Net Protein Charge and Stationary Phase Charge on Protein Retention in Size Exclusion Chromatography”, ACS Symp Ser. 635, 88-102 (1996). (PDF)
  9. Y. Li, Paul Dubin, H. Dautzenberg, G. Lück, M. Hartmann and Z. Tuzar. “Dependence of Structure of Polyelectrolyte/Micelle Complexes upon Polyelectrolyte Chain Length and Micelle Size”, Macromolecules 28, 6795-8 (1995). (PDF)
  10. J. Xia, Paul Dubin, T. Izumi, M. Hirata and E. Kokufuta. “Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering of Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride) in Salt-free Solutions”, J. Polymer Sci. B 34, 497-503 (1996). (PDF)

and earlier

  1. K.W. Mattison, I.J. Brittain and Paul Dubin. “Protein-Polyelectrolyte Phase Boundaries”, Biotechnol. Progr. 11, 632-7 (1995). (PDF)
  2. Y. Li, Paul Dubin, R. Spindler and D. Tomalia. “Complex Formation Between Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) and Carboxylated Starburst Dendrimers,” Macromolecules 28, 8426-8 (1995). (PDF)
  3. P. Bahadur, Paul Dubin, and R. Kameshwer Rao. Complex Formation between Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Poly(4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide), Langmuir 11 1951-5 (1995). (PDF)
  4. Y. Li, Paul Dubin, H. A. Havel, S.L. Edwards, and H. Dautzenberg. “Complex Formation between Polyelectrolyte and Oppositely Charged Mixed Micelles: Soluble Complexes vs. Coacervation”, Langmuir 11, 2486-92 (1995). (PDF)
  5. Y. Li, Paul Dubin. “Electrophoretic Light Scattering, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Turbidimetry Studies of the Effect of Polymer Concentration on Complex Formation between Polyelectrolyte and Oppositely Charged Mixed Micelles”, Macromolecules 28, 3098-3102 (1995). (PDF)
  6. Paul Dubin, J. Xia, S. Edwards and H. Havel. “Dilute Solution Properties of Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) in Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions”, J. Polymer. Sci. 33, 1117-1122 (1995). (PDF)
  7. Paul Dubin, J. Xia, Y. Morishima, T. Sato and B.B. Muhoberac. “Quasielastic Light Scattering, Electrophoresis and Fluorescence Studies of Lysozyme-Poly(2-acrylamido-methylpropylsulfate) Complex”, Biopolymers 35, 411-418 (1995). (PDF)
  8. Paul Dubin, G. Shah. “Adsorptive Interaction of Ficoll Standards with Porous Glass Size-Exclusion Chromatography Columns”, J. Chromatogr. 693, 197-203 (1995). (PDF)
  9. Paul Dubin, C. Cai, V.A. Romano. “Ionic Strength Dependence of Protein Retention on Superose 12 in SEC/IEC Mixed Mode Chromatography”, J. Chromatogr. 693, 251-6 (1995). (PDF)
  10. Y. Li, J. Xia and Paul Dubin, “Complex Formation between Polyelectrolyte and Oppositely Charged Mixed Micelles: Static and Dynamic Light Scattering Study of Effect of Polyelectrolyte Molecular Weight and Concentration”, Macromolecules 27, 7049-55 (1994). (PDF)
  11. M.A. Kuntz, Paul Dubin, J.I. Kaplan and M.S. Mehta. “Evaluation of Models for SEC of Asymmetric Solutes”, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 7063-7 (1994). (PDF)
  12. Paul Dubin, J. Xia. “Chromatographic Evaluation of the Binding of Lysozyme to Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride”, J. Chromatogr., 667, 311-315 (1994). (PDF)
  13. K.A. Davis, B.J. Ackerson, H. Yu, W.T. Ford , J. Xia and Paul Dubin. “Structure and Transport of Latex Microgels in Aqueous Suspension”, Langmuir 10, 2145-50 (1994). (PDF)
  14. Paul Dubin,T. Izumi, M. Hirata and E. K. “Turbidimetric Study of Complexation of Proteins with Potassium Poly(vinyalcohol sulfate) and Sodium Poly(vinylsulfonate), in Macro-Ion Characterization: From Dilute Solutions to Complex Fluids”, ACS, K. Schmitz, Ed., 1993. (PDF)
  15. J. Xia, Paul Dubin and H.A. Havel. “Electrophoretic Light Scattering Study of Counterion Condensation on Polylysine in Electrolyte Solut”ion, Macromolecules 26, 6335 (1993) (PDF)
  16. Paul Dubin, S.L. Edwards. “pH Effects on Nonideal Protein Size Exclusion Chromatography on Superose 6”, J. Chromatogr., 648, 3 (1993) (PDF)
  17. Paul Dubin, J. Xia, L.S. “Ahmed an Stoichiometric and Nonstoichiometric Complex Formation of Bovine Serum Albumin-Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) in Macro-Ion Characterization: From Dilute Solutions to Complex Fluids”, ACS, K. Schmitz, Ed., 225-242, 1993. (PDF)
  18. J. Xia, Paul Dubin and E. Kokufuta. “Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering of a Water-soluble Complex formed between Pepsin and Poly(ethyleneglycol)”, Macromolecules 26, 6688 (1993) (PDF)
  19. Paul Dubin. “Formation of Polyelectrolyte Complexes and their Structures”, J. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem. a31, 1-15 (1994). (PDF)
  20. Paul Dubin, L. Ahmed, J. Xia and E. Kokufuta. Stoichiometry and the Mechanism of Complex Formation in Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complex Formation in Protein-Polyelectrolyte Coacervation, J. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem. a31, 17-29 (1994). (PDF)
  21. J. Xia, H. Zhang, D. R. Rigsbee, Paul Dubin and T. Shaikh). “Structural Elucidation of Polyelectrolyte-Micelle Complexes: Inter- vs Intrapolymer Association”, Macromolecules 26, 2759 (1993) (PDF)
  22. J. Xia, Paul Dubin and H. Dautzenberg. Light Scattering, “Electrophoresis, and Turbidimetry Studies of Bovine Serum Albumin-Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) Complex”, Langmuir 9, 2015 (1993) (PDF)
  23. Paul Dubin, S. L. Edwards, M. S. Mehta, and D. Tomalia). “Quantitation of Nonideal Behavior in Protein Size Exclusion Chromatography”, J. Chromatogr. 635, 51 (1993). (PDF)
  24. J. Xia, Paul Dubin, Yesook Kim, B. B. Muhoberac and V. Klimkowski. “Electrophoretic and Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering of Soluble Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complexes”, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 4528 (1993). (PDF)