4 IMPORTANT FEATURES OF A PROTON (1H) NMR SPECTRUM

 

(1) THE # OF SIGNALS EXCLUDING SPLITTING (# OF SETS OF PEAKS) RELATES TO THE # OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS IN WHICH THE H'S OF THAT MOLECULE EXIST (# OF SETS OF EQUIVALENT H'S). BECAUSE OF ACCIDENTAL EQUIVALENCE (OVERLAP OF PEAKS) THE # 0F SETS OF PEAKS IS < or = # OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS.

 

(2) POSITIONS OF THE SIGNALS (CHEMICAL SHIFT) RELATES TO THE ELECTRONIC ENVIRONMENT OF THOSE H'S, WHICH IS AFFECTED BY NEARBY FUNCTIONAL GROUPS.

 

(3) THE RELATIVE AREAS OF THE SIGNALS RELATES TO THE RELATIVE # OF H'S GIVING RISE TO EACH SIGNAL.

 

(4) THE SPLITTING (MULTIPLICITY) OF SIGNALS INTO LARGER NUMBERS OF PEAKS RELATES TO THE ENVIRONMENT OF A PROTON WITH RESPECT TO OTHER NEIGHBORING H'S.

 

OR, IN FEWER WORDS,

 

(1) # OF SIGNALS < or = # OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF H'S.

 

(2) POSITIONS OF THE SIGNALS - FUNCTIONAL GROUP INFO.

 

(3) AREAS OF THE SIGNALS - # OF EACH TYPE OF H.

 

(4) SPLITTING - INFO ABOUT #'S OF NEIGHBORING H'S.